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1、What is sustainable development?

Sustainable development is a new concept presented in the eighties of last century. World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) expounded the concept of sustainable development in Our Common Future for the first time in 1987, reaching a broad consensus in the international community. Sustainable development refers to the ability of development that meets the needs of modern people without compromising the ability of future generations to meet demand.

2、What is sustainable development planning?

Optimize related influencing factors in urban development, improve resource utilization, and create an urban space frame capable of self mediation and virtuous circle through analyzing and researching urban society, resource, economy, environment, etc., and using concept of cyclic economy.

3、Why shall conduct studies on sustainable development planning?

In the process of urbanization all over the world generally undergoes unbalanced development in the principle of benefits to push forward urbanization. Recently, people are consuming energy, water and land at a speed faster than resource regeneration. The use of earth resources had exceeded the regeneration capacity of the earth over 20 years ago, namely 1985. We will need 2 earths to meet our living needs by 2050 if we use resources with the existing life style. Therefore, we must use the scientific concept of development, namely the sustainable development planning for urban planning studies.

4、What is the concept of sustainable development planning?

Combine urban spatial planning with resource input and output with concept of comprehensive urban development, conduct function division, land layout, convenient transportation network and reasonable planning of industry and social economy through research on resource, society, environment and economy, and minimize the influence on nature by continuously optimizing environment, society, economy and other factors in the city, reducing resource input and effectively cutting down output to finally create a harmonious society featured by economic prosperity, environmental friendliness and efficient resource utilization.

5、What are the stages of transforming the objective of sustainable development into operable indicators?

The objective of sustainable development is implemented and broken down in three stages: land use planning, urban design and architectural design to gradually implement these indicators in planning at different levels.

6、What are the basic elements of ecological sustainable development community?

Planned, designed, constructed and managed according to principle of ecology, ecological sustainable development community is an organizational form of living space where human and environment develop harmoniously with complete ecological metabolic process and service function.

The basic constituent elements are as follows:

First, harmonious development of economy, society and environment: Ecological sustainable development community is a complex system which is consists of economy, society and environment, and all subsystems restrict and complement each other. Environmental infrastructure (land, climate, water, natural energy, life), artificial facilities (buildings, structures, facilities, roads), ecological metabolic facilities (water, electricity, gas, heat, waste) and human ecological service system (education, medical, health care, leisure, labor, communication, property management) together constitute a habitation ecosystems of reasonable structure, complete functions, and sustainable development.

Second, scientific and rational environmental space layout:

(1) Natural ventilation. First consideration for space combination of community overall design is whether it is conducive to natural ventilation. The design positioning shall analyze orientation and wind direction of the community, open and organize community air duct and ecological corridor to guarantee natural ventilation in buildings.

(2) Natural lighting. The distance between the two adjacent buildings in south and north shall be no less than 1.4 times of the building height in south in order to meet the basic environment requirements for light. Single and group buildings, landscaping impact on sunlight and shadow, and sunlight and shadow area planning shall be taken into consideration in house design.

(3) Nature thermoregulation. Adopt casement windows for external window of house, and set up movable and external shading devices, building envelope use light-colored facing materials, flat roof greening and other heat insulation measures.

Third, complete and effective pollution control measures. Implement community environmental monitoring system to enable residents to keep abreast of community environment quality condition at all time. Realize reduction, reclamation and innocuity of household garbage, and keep community environment beautiful, neat and clean without any sanitary blind angle by encouraging disposal and recycling of domestic waste, garbage and sewage with eco-oriented, economically feasible ecological engineering method. Encourage residents to eat pollution-free green food; advocate environmentally friendly building materials for building and home decoration to prevent harmful building materials from damaging human body and keep concentration of indoor environmental pollutants (oxygen, benzene, free formaldehyde, nitrogen, total volatile organic compounds, etc.) below limit of national or local environmental quality standard.

Fourth, reflect economic and energy saving characteristics. Realize energy saving by using high-tech products. Make use of solar energy, wind energy. Use water-saving products. Water-saving products can be divided into seven categories: products that improve water use efficiency (such as toilet, washing machine); products that reduce waste of water resources (such as various types of valves); alternative water products (such as oil replacing products); water saving transformation and water saving technology related products (such as water filtration equipment); wastewater reuse products (such as recycled water equipment); water treatment medicament (such as flotation agent); water measuring instruments (such as water meter). Design water treatment and recycled water reuse system, collect rainwater at the same time and penetrate the clean running water into the ground through lawns to the greatest degree to reduce maintenance costs of the community. Save building materials by changing house structure and using new wall materials.

Fifth, foster and promote a healthy ecological ethics. Emphasize the coordination and balance between human and environment, society, human and self. Advocate culture respecting environment at spiritual level, establish mechanism protecting environment at the system level, and ensure “Win-Win” situation of human and environment at material level. System developed in a sustainable way in the community involves not only flowers, grass, some waterscape and fountains, but also needs to advocate a kind of ecological culture, wisdom and ethics in the whole living system.